Ubuntu is a popular open-source Linux operating system that is widely used for servers, desktops, and IoT devices. It is a powerful and versatile platform that offers a wide range of features and functionalities. However, to unlock the full potential of Ubuntu, you need to have root access. In this guide, we will explain what root access is, how to root Ubuntu, and some related concepts that will help you understand the process.
What is Root Access?
Root access is the highest level of administrative privilege on a Linux system. It is equivalent to the administrator or superuser account on Windows. With root access, you can perform any action on the system, including installing and removing software, modifying system settings, and accessing sensitive files.
By default, Ubuntu does not provide root access to users for security reasons. However, you can gain root access by either logging in as the root user or using the sudo command.
How to Root Ubuntu?
Method 1: Using the sudo Command
The sudo command allows you to execute a command with root privileges without logging in as the root user. To use the sudo command, you need to have sudo privileges, which are granted to the default user account during installation.
To use the sudo command, follow these steps:
- Open the terminal by pressing
Ctrl+Alt+Tor searching for “Terminal” in the Ubuntu Dash. - Type the command you want to execute with root privileges, preceded by
sudo. For example, to install a package, typesudo apt-get install <package-name>. - If prompted, enter your user password. Note that your password will not be displayed on the screen as you type it.
- Press Enter to execute the command.
Method 2: Logging in as the Root User
Logging in as the root user is not recommended as it can be dangerous and lead to unintended consequences. It is recommended to use the sudo command instead. However, if you need to log in as the root user, follow these steps:
- Open the terminal by pressing
Ctrl+Alt+Tor searching for “Terminal” in the Ubuntu Dash. - Type
sudo -iand press Enter. This will open a new shell with root privileges. - If prompted, enter your user password. Note that your password will not be displayed on the screen as you type it.
- You are now logged in as the root user. Be careful with the commands you execute as they can have serious consequences.
Related Concepts
Permissions
In Linux, every file and directory has a set of permissions that determine who can access, modify, or execute them. The permissions are divided into three categories: read, write, and execute. Each category can be assigned to three types of users: the owner, the group, and others.
The permissions are represented by a three-digit number, where each digit represents the permissions for the owner, the group, and others, respectively. For example, 755 means that the owner can read, write, and execute the file, the group and others can only read and execute the file.
Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS)
The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) is a set of guidelines that define the directory structure of a Linux system. It specifies where different types of files should be stored, such as configuration files, libraries, binaries, and data files.
The FHS is important because it ensures consistency and compatibility across different Linux distributions. It also makes it easier for users and developers to find and manage files.
Conclusion
Root access is essential for performing administrative tasks on a Linux system. In Ubuntu, you can gain root access by using the sudo command or logging in as the root user. However, it is recommended to use the sudo command as it is safer and more secure.
In addition to root access, it is important to understand permissions and the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) to effectively manage files and directories on a Linux system.